Kilimanjaro: All You Need to Know About Climbing Africa's RooftopMount Kilimanjaro is one of the most iconic and sought-after climbing destinations not only in Africa but also in the world. Located in Tanzania, this majestic mountain is Africa's highest peak, soaring to 19,341 feet (5,895 meters) above sea level. Climbing Kilimanjaro is definitely a bucket-list adventure, a unique opportunity to trek through diverse ecosystems, from lush rainforests to alpine deserts, culminating in breathtaking views over the African savanna from the summit.
The ClimbThe climb up Mount Kilimanjaro usually takes between 5 to 9 days, depending on the route chosen and the pace of the trek. Longer climbs spread over several days are better for acclimatization to altitudes and increase the chances of reaching the summit.
RoutesMount Kilimanjaro Climbing Routes Map - Image: Kilimanjaro National Park
There are several routes up Kilimanjaro, each varying in difficulty, scenery, and popularity. The more popular routes are:
There are actually seven routes to the summit of Kilimanjaro each with varying trek lengths, ranging from 5 to 10 days in duration. Shorter 5-day treks are generally not recommended due to insufficient acclimatization time. This results in lower summit success rates (less than 50%). For those on a budget, a six-day trek is suggested, usually including an acclimatization day to increase summit success. For the best chance of reaching the summit, a 7 or 8-day trek is recommended, allowing for optimal acclimatization and a higher probability of success. The Northern Circuit route is the longest and consequently the most expensive due to its extended duration. What to ExpectClimbing Mount Kilimanjaro is a challenging but rewarding adventure suitable for physically fit individuals. Climbers are accompanied by experienced guides and a team of porters. Guides know the mountain and its routes and are trained to deal with altitude sickness. Porters carry equipment, supplies, and personal belongings so that climbers can focus on the trek.
Image: Pexels
Acclimatization & Altitude Sickness
Acclimatization is an important aspect of high-altitude trekking, particularly when ascending Mount Kilimanjaro. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) can be a major risk for climbers, regardless of age or fitness level, and its onset can be unpredictable until you're actually on the mountain. The primary cause of AMS is ascending too quickly. Dehydration and overexertion at altitude can also be contributing factors.
At sea level, oxygen makes up around 21% of the air. As the altitude increases, air density decreases, reducing the amount of available oxygen. What happens is that the body compensates for lower oxygen intake by increasing the breathing rate and depth even during rest periods to enhance blood oxygen saturation. Most people can climb to 2,400 meters without experiencing altitude-related issues. However, entering the high altitude zone brings radical changes in air density and oxygen availability, thereby affecting the body. Acclimatizing gradually gives your body time to adapt to lower oxygen levels in the air as the altitude increases as you climb higher. That’s why it’s advisable to take several days to climb to the summit. Gradual ascent lets the body adjust. Other important factors are to avoid overexertion and maintain proper hydration levels throughout the climb. This will minimize the risk of altitude-related illnesses. The Three Altitude ZonesKilimanjaro is divided into three altitude zones:
Image: Kilimanjaro National Park
The trek up Mount Kilimanjaro is also made up of distinct ecological zones, each with its own unique flora, fauna, and climate.
Rain Forest Zone (800 meters – 3,000 meters) At the beginning of your ascent, you'll encounter a lush tropical rainforest with high humidity and occasional light mist or drizzle. This region is rich with diverse flora - and wildlife! On certain routes like the North-East Rongai, Western Lemosho, Shira, or Northern Circuit, you might spot elephants, buffaloes, and large antelopes. Low Alpine Zone (3,000 meters – 4,200 meters) As you ascend to around 3,000 meters, the rainforest gives way swiftly to semi-arid grasslands, forming the low alpine zone. Here, heather and small shrubs dominate the landscape, and the climate becomes notably drier with evening temperatures dropping below freezing point. Wildlife is sparse in this area. High Alpine Zone (4,200 meters – 5,000 meters) The high alpine zone is an arid desert environment. Daytime temperatures are hot and the nights are bitterly cold, dipping below freezing. From here, you can enjoy perfect views of Kibo's slopes and Kilimanjaro's summit – the ultimate prize. Glacial Zone (5,000 meters to 5,895 meters) The final zone in the upper reaches of Kibo and Mawenzi, is characterized by high-altitude, almost Arctic conditions. Wildlife is scarce here due to low oxygen levels, with temperatures fluctuating dramatically between scorching hot days and freezing nights. Glacial silt blankets the slopes leading to Kilimanjaro's summit, where large glaciers are visible from the crater rim. Given the changing and challenging conditions of heat, freezing temperatures, gale-force winds, and reduced oxygen levels, it's advisable not to linger in this zone for extended periods. Image: Pexels
Weather
The weather on Mount Kilimanjaro can be described more accurately as 'wet and dry' months rather than distinct changing seasons. This is because of its tropical location and the fact that the mountain itself influences its local climate.
Temperatures and weather conditions on Kilimanjaro also fluctuate considerably between day and night as well as with changing altitudes. If you’re going to climb Kilimanjaro, you should expect significant temperature variations during the day especially as you climb higher. Furthermore, snowfall on Mount Kilimanjaro can occur throughout the year, but it’s most common from the months of November to March. Image: Pexels
Best Times to Climb Kilimanjaro
January/February
During these months, temperatures are typically colder with a greater likelihood of encountering snow at higher elevations. Note that there are strong winds at the upper camps. These extreme winds, coupled with billowing dust prompt many climbers to abandon their summit attempts. March Towards the end of March, it becomes more humid, increasing the likelihood of rain. Nonetheless, early March offers a favorable window for hiking Kilimanjaro if you're prepared for potentially wet weather. April/May These are the wettest months on Kilimanjaro and are generally unsuitable for trekking. It's advisable to avoid these rainy months. June through September This is the peak season on Mount Kilimanjaro. Rain or snow is rare during this period, but the trails are considerably busier. Many tour operators offer group treks during these months. October A good month for climbing Kilimanjaro. The weather is good and there are fewer crowds. November & December November is usually rainy, and December is cold with ample snow, but climbing the mountain is still feasible if you can tolerant low temperatures. Summit Day
The summit day begins early in the morning to reach the Uhuru Peak by sunrise. Climbers trek through the night under a starry sky, with the final push to the summit usually taking 5-7 hours. The feeling of standing on the "Roof of Africa" is a truly unforgettable and exhilarating experience.
Image: TripAdvisor
Accommodation
Accommodation during the climb is in tents at campsites along the routes. Tents are provided by the trekking company and are usually shared by two climbers. The campsites have basic amenities such as toilet facilities and dining tents.
What to Pack for Kilimanjaro
When packing for your Kilimanjaro climb, consider the changing weather conditions. Essential items include:
Clothing Layered clothing for both hot and cold weather.
Headgear
Footwear
Gear
Personal Items
How Much Does it Cost to Climb Kilimanjaro?
The overall cost of climbing Kilimanjaro will exceed the tour operator’s initial package price as there are several additional expenses to consider. Factor in these additional costs when planning your Kilimanjaro adventure to ensure you have enough funds to cover all necessary expenses beyond the basic travel package price.
Some of the additional costs that you should budget for: Flights International flights to Kilimanjaro will make up a substantial portion of your overall expenses, depending on your departure location. Kilimanjaro Park Tariffs Kilimanjaro National Park fees represent a significant portion of the trek and costs around $1,000 (USD) per person. Equipment and Gear If you don’t have the basic hiking equipment, you will need to factor purchasing or renting proper gear into your budget. This includes layered clothing, an extreme-weather sleeping bag, walking poles, quality hiking boots, and a backpack. Kilimanjaro Porters - Image: Maape Tanzania Safaris
Tipping Guides and Porters
Tipping your support team is customary on Kilimanjaro. Guides and porters work hard for minimal wages, and tips play a crucial role in supporting their families. The standard tip is approximately $300 per climber. At the time of writing, the total cost of Climbing Kilimanjaro is estimated to be around $5,000–$6,000. Tanzanian visa
Foreign trekkers visiting Tanzania require a visa. You can obtain a visa either from your local Tanzanian embassy or upon arrival at Kilimanjaro. The best bet is to get a visa before arriving in Tanzania to avoid waiting in queues at Kilimanjaro International Airport.
Vaccinations, Etc.Tanzania is a malaria zone; however, the risk of contracting malaria while trekking Mount Kilimanjaro is relatively low due to the absence of mosquitoes at higher altitudes (above 1,800 meters). Nonetheless, you may be at risk, especially during lower altitudes.
Additionally, some trekkers may require a Yellow Fever vaccination card when entering Tanzania, particularly if arriving from high-risk Yellow Fever countries (citizens of the UK, US, Europe, Canada, Australia, and many others are exempt). It is also recommended to consider getting vaccinations for Hepatitis A and a Polio Tetanus-Diphtheria booster as additional precautions before traveling to Tanzania. Booking Your Mount Kilimanjaro Climb
Book sure to book your Kilimanjaro climb through reputable tour operators or travel agencies. They will arrange permits, guides, logistical support, etc. Read reviews online to choose a trusted operator.
Kilimanjaro Climbing packages The majority of climbers arrange their Kilimanjaro expedition through tour operators. These operators commonly provide comprehensive packages that cover everything from airport transfers to hotel accommodations before and after the trek, as well as all expenses incurred on the mountain—such as National Park fees, meals, porter services, guides, and camping equipment. Read a firsthand account of climbing Mount Kilimanjaro here.
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