African Antelope A - Z
The antelope is a mammal found in Africa. There are many species of antelope, from small to large. Male antelope have permanent horns which they use to defend themselves and their herd or to fight for territorial dominance.
Antelope usually live between 8 and 10 years in their natural habitat. However, many antelope don't reach old age in the wild simply because they are the main staple diet of most predators, such as lions, leopards, cheetahs, and crocodiles. Calves and older, weaker antelope are especially easy prey.
Antelope are found in a wide variety of natural habitats, usually savannah, forested areas, grassland plains, and even marshes. Some species have even adapted to living in mountainous or rocky terrain. Other species of antelope, such as the gemsbok (oryx) have adapted remarkably well to hot, arid desert conditions, and a few species of antelope such as the waterbuck, are semi-aquatic waders, living in swamps and wetlands.
Antelope usually live between 8 and 10 years in their natural habitat. However, many antelope don't reach old age in the wild simply because they are the main staple diet of most predators, such as lions, leopards, cheetahs, and crocodiles. Calves and older, weaker antelope are especially easy prey.
Antelope are found in a wide variety of natural habitats, usually savannah, forested areas, grassland plains, and even marshes. Some species have even adapted to living in mountainous or rocky terrain. Other species of antelope, such as the gemsbok (oryx) have adapted remarkably well to hot, arid desert conditions, and a few species of antelope such as the waterbuck, are semi-aquatic waders, living in swamps and wetlands.
Aders' Duiker
Aders' Duiker is a relatively small antelope, with adults typically weighing between 12 to 18 kilograms (26 to 40 pounds). They have a dark brown to reddish-brown coat with lighter underparts. Some individuals may have faint white markings on their face. Aders' Duikers have short, straight horns on the males. They have relatively short legs, adapted for navigating dense forest environments.
They are typically found in Central and West Africa, including countries like Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. Habitat Aders' Duikers inhabit dense tropical forests, preferring areas with thick undergrowth and ample cover. Behavior and Diet Aders' Duiker is a solitary and secretive animal, primarily active during dawn and dusk. They are known to be shy and elusive, making them hard to observe in the wild. Their diet consists of leaves, fruits, buds, and other plant materials found within their forest habitat. They may also consume small amounts of insects or fungi. Adaptations and Behavior Their coloration and behavior help them blend into the dense vegetation, providing protection from predators. They are adapted for agile movement in dense forests, allowing them to navigate through thick undergrowth efficiently. Being solitary makes them more vulnerable to predators and other threats. Conservation Status Aders' Duiker is classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). They face threats primarily due to habitat loss caused by deforestation and human encroachment into their forested habitats. Additionally, hunting and poaching for bushmeat pose significant threats to their populations. |
Bates’ Pygmy Antelope
Bates' Pygmy Antelope are one of the smallest antelope species, with adults typically weighing between 2 to 4 kilograms (4.4 to 8.8 pounds). They have a reddish-brown or chestnut coat with lighter underparts. Some individuals may have subtle markings on the face and legs. The males have short, straight horns. They have relatively short legs, adapted for moving through dense forest vegetation.
Bates' Pygmy Antelope are native to the forests of West Africa. They are typically found in countries such as Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. Habitat Bates' Pygmy Antelope inhabits dense tropical and subtropical forests, preferring areas with thick undergrowth and ample cover. Behavior and Diet These antelope are secretive and elusive, spending much of their time hiding in dense vegetation. They are primarily active during dawn and dusk and may also be active at night. Their diet consists mainly of leaves, shoots, fruits, and other plant materials found within their forest habitat. Adaptations and Behavior Their coloration and behavior help them blend into the dense vegetation, providing protection from predators. They are adapted for agile movement in dense forests, allowing them to navigate through thick undergrowth efficiently. They are typically solitary or found in pairs. Conservation Status Bates' Pygmy Antelope is classified as "Data Deficient" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Like many forest-dwelling species, they are threatened by habitat loss caused by deforestation and human activities. |
Blesbok
The Blesbok has a broad, white blaze that runs down its face, contrasting with its reddish-brown to chestnut-brown coat. Standing at approximately 90 to 100 centimeters (35 to 39 inches) tall at the shoulder, the Blesbok is considered a medium-sized antelope. Both males (rams) and females (ewes) possess backward-curving horns, although those of the males tend to be slightly thicker and longer.
Blesboks are known for their gregarious nature, often forming large herds, especially during the dry season. These herds provide safety in numbers against potential predators. Blesboks are grazers, and their daily routine typically revolves around feeding in the early mornings and late afternoons. Survival Strategies: Blesboks have a keen sense of smell and hearing, allowing them to detect approaching danger. |
Blue DuikerThe Blue Duiker is one of the smallest antelope species found in Africa, with adults typically weighing between 3 to 9 kilograms (6.6 to 19.8 pounds). They have a distinct bluish-gray coat, sometimes appearing more brownish depending on the lighting. Blue Duikers have short, spiky horns on males and occasionally females. They possess a notable preorbital gland beneath their eyes.
They are widely distributed throughout Central and West Africa, including regions of Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone. Habitat Blue Duikers prefer densely forested areas, particularly those with thick undergrowth, providing cover and sustenance. Behavior and Diet Blue Duikers are solitary animals. They are typically active during the day and spend their time foraging for fruits, leaves, and occasionally small insects. Reproduction Females give birth to one offspring per birthing period, with newborns capable of standing and walking shortly after birth. |
BongoThe African bongo antelope is a fascinating and beautiful species that plays a crucial role in the ecosystems of the African rainforests. It is an elusive forest-dwelling mammal found in the dense rainforests of Central and West Africa.
The bongo has a deep chestnut or reddish-brown coat with vertical white stripes running down its sides, which help to camouflage it among the dappled sunlight and shadows of the forest. Both males and females possess large, spiral-shaped horns, which can grow up to 75 centimeters (30 inches) in length. The horns are curved, with a slight backward orientation. Bongos are one of the largest forest antelopes. On average, males stand around 120 to 150 centimeters (47 to 59 inches) tall at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller. Habitat: These antelopes are primarily found in dense, moist forests with thick undergrowth, often near rivers or swampy areas. They prefer habitats with abundant vegetation for cover and forage. Behaviour: Bongos are most active during dawn, dusk, and at night. They are shy and elusive animals, making them difficult to spot in their natural habitat. Bongos are usually solitary or found in small groups consisting of females and their offspring. Diet: Bongos are herbivores, feeding on a variety of vegetation including leaves, shoots, fruits, and grasses. Conservation Status: The African bongo is classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat loss, hunting, and fragmentation of their forest habitat. Conservation efforts are underway to protect their remaining populations and their forest habitats. |
Bontebok
The bontebok is a subspecies of the blesbok. The main difference is in the brightness of the coloring. The bontebok's coat is darker, and the lighter areas are whiter than those of the blesbok. The lower legs are also white.
Bonteboks were once on the brink of extinction due to overhunting and habitat loss. However, conservation efforts have helped increase their numbers, and they are now classified as near-threatened. Social Behavior: Bonteboks are social animals and live in herds, typically consisting of around 10 to 30 individuals. These herds are often led by a dominant male. Diet: Bonteboks are primarily grazers, feeding on grasses and occasionally browsing on leaves and shrubs. Reproduction: Breeding usually occurs during the rainy season. Female Bonteboks typically give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 8 to 9 months. Predators: Bonteboks face predation from various carnivores such as lions, leopards, and spotted hyenas. Young calves are particularly vulnerable. |
Bushbuck (bosbok)The African Bushbuck, often referred to as "Bosbok" in Afrikaans, graces the diverse landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa. These antelope are renowned for their shyness and are often solitary or found in small family groups
The males are larger and boast spiraled, lyre-shaped horns that can grow up to 55 centimeters (22 inches) in length. Their fur varies in color, typically ranging from reddish-brown to chestnut with prominent white spots and stripes along the flanks. The underside and insides of their legs are usually white, while their faces are adorned with a white cheek stripe and often a white throat patch. Females, on the other hand, are smaller and lack horns. They tend to be a more uniform reddish-brown in color, often with fewer spots. Survival Strategies: Bushbuck can be found in a variety of habitats, including dense forests, savannahs, and wooded grasslands, feeding on leaves, shrubs, fruits, and grasses. They are known for their ability to silently disappear into thick vegetation when disturbed. Their coloring allows them to blend seamlessly into their surroundings, making them difficult to spot by predators. They are also known for their ability to make high-pitched, barking alarm calls when sensing danger, alerting other wildlife to potential threats. |
DibatagDibatag antelope are medium-sized antelope, with males typically larger than females. They stand around 70-80 centimeters (27-31 inches) tall at the shoulder and have a sandy to reddish-brown coat with lighter underparts that help them blend into their arid habitat. Both males and females have long, slender, slightly curved horns.
Dibatags are native to specific regions in the Horn of Africa, including southern Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and possibly northeastern Kenya. Habitat Dibatag inhabit dry and semi-arid grasslands, savannahs, and scrublands. They prefer areas with scattered bushes and acacia trees. Behavior and Diet Dibatag are active during the day and are known for their agility and speed. They are often solitary or found in small groups, and they can be elusive and difficult to spot. Their diet consists mainly of grasses, leaves, herbs, and shrubs. They obtain most of their water requirements from the vegetation they consume and are adapted to survive in arid environments. Conservation Status The Dibatag is classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat loss, hunting pressures, and the expansion of agriculture and human settlements into their habitat. Conservation Efforts Efforts are underway to monitor Dibatag populations, and protected areas and wildlife reserves in the Horn of Africa provide important refuges for Dibatags. Community-based conservation initiatives and sustainable land management practices are also promoted to minimize human-wildlife conflict. |
Dik-Dik - Nature's Tiny Enigma
The African Dik-Dik is one of the smallest African antelope species, measuring up to 0.7 meters tall and weighing up to 6 kg. They are native to eastern and southern Africa, where they live in shrublands, savannas, and dense forests. The Dik-Dik gets its name from the distinctive alarm call it emits to alert others when sensing danger, a soft "dik-dik" sound.
Physical Characteristics: Standing at just 30 to 40 centimeters (12 to 16 inches) tall at the shoulder, Dik-Diks are one of the smallest antelope species in the world. Their petite stature is complemented by their reddish-brown to grayish-brown fur, adorned with subtle white patches on the cheeks and underparts. These patches often form intricate patterns unique to each individual. One of their most striking features is their disproportionately large eyes, which provide exceptional vision for detecting predators. Their dainty legs and delicate hooves are adapted for agile movement through the thorny underbrush. Both males and females have small, straight horns that are usually only a few inches long. Dik-diks have a lifespan of around 10-15 years in the wild. They are distributed across eastern and southern Africa, including countries like Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. Habitat and Behavior: Dik-Diks primarily inhabit the arid and semi-arid regions of Eastern and Southern Africa, ranging from Kenya and Tanzania down to Namibia and South Africa. These regions are characterized by dry grasslands, acacia scrublands, and thorny thickets, which provide the Dik-Dik with both food and shelter. These antelopes are known for their monogamous and territorial nature. Mated pairs form strong bonds and establish small territories marked with scent markings. They are often seen foraging together for leaves, shoots, and fruits. Dik-diks have adapted to obtain most of their moisture from the plants they eat, allowing them to survive in arid environments with limited access to water. Predators Dik-Diks are expert hiders, using their diminutive size to their advantage to conceal themselves in dense vegetation when they sense danger. Their exceptional sense of smell helps them detect predators from a distance, enabling a quick escape. They are preyed upon by a variety of predators, including lions, leopards, cheetahs, and large birds of prey. |
Duiker
Duikers typically have a compact body with short legs and a rounded muzzle. They vary in size depending on the species, with some as small as 12 kilograms (26 pounds) and others reaching up to 80 kilograms (176 pounds). Their coat coloration varies among species but often includes shades of brown, gray, and reddish-brown, helping them blend into their forest habitats.
The term "duiker" refers to several small to medium-sized antelope species belonging to the genus Cephalophus. There are about 22 recognized species of duikers found across sub-Saharan Africa. The most common species of duiker in Southern Africa are Red, Blue and Grey Duiker (also known as common duiker). Size and Appearance: Duikers typically have a compact body with short legs and a rounded muzzle. They vary in size depending on the species, with some as small as 12 kilograms (26 pounds) and others reaching up to 80 kilograms (176 pounds). Their coat coloration varies among species but often includes shades of brown, gray, and reddish-brown, helping them blend into their forest habitats. Duikers walk with a characteristic hesitant, high-stepping gait and are able to move with speed through dense bush. Habitat: Duikers inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, savannas, and bushlands, across sub-Saharan Africa. They are well-adapted to dense vegetation and often rely on cover for protection from predators. Diet: Duikers are primarily browsers, feeding on leaves, fruits, shoots, and flowers. Their diet may vary depending on the availability of vegetation in their habitat. Behavior: Duikers are solitary or live in pairs, with the male and female forming monogamous bonds. They are mostly active during dawn and dusk, adopting a secretive lifestyle to avoid predators. Reproduction: Duikers typically give birth to a single offspring, although twins are occasionally born. Gestation periods vary among species but generally last around 7 to 8 months. Predators: Their secretive nature and ability to hide in dense vegetation help them evade predators. Vocalizations: Despite their small size, duikers are known for their diverse vocalizations, which include grunts, whistles, and barks. These vocalizations play a role in communication between individuals and may serve to establish territory or attract mates. |
ElandThe African eland (Taurotragus oryx) holds the title of being the largest antelope species, both in terms of size and weight, among the African antelopes.
Both sexes have horns - the lower half spiralled like a corkscrew - that can grow up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) in length. They have a tan or fawn-colored coat with vertical white stripes on their sides, a distinctive hump, and a dewlap - a loose fold of skin, hanging from their necks. Elands can be found in a variety of habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including savannas, woodlands, and semi-desert regions. Diet: These antelopes are primarily herbivores and are both grazers and browsers. They feed on a variety of vegetation, including grasses, leaves, fruits, and branches. Social Structure: Elands are social animals and live in herds, which can range in size from a few individuals to several hundred. These herds are typically led by a dominant female. Reproduction: Female elands give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 9 months. Calves are able to stand and run shortly after birth, allowing them to keep up with the herd. Behavior: Elands are known for their remarkable stamina and ability to travel long distances in search of food and water. They are also skilled jumpers, able to clear heights of up to 2.5 meters (8 feet) from a standing position. Cultural Significance: Elands have a cultural significance in many African societies and are often featured in traditional folklore and bushman cave art. |
Gerenuk
The gerenuk antelope is most prevalent in East Africa. They are also known as the "giraffe antelope" due to their long, slender necks and legs, giving them a unique appearance among antelopes. They have small heads with large, dark eyes and small, pointed ears. Their coat is a reddish-brown color on the back and lighter on the belly.
Gerenuks are found in the Horn of Africa and East Africa Habitat: Gerenuks primarily inhabit arid and semi-arid habitats such as dry bushland, savannas, and scrubby plains. Vertical Feeding Adaptation: One of the most remarkable adaptations of gerenuks is their ability to stand on their hind legs and stretch their necks to reach high branches and foliage. This behavior allows them to access food sources that are out of reach for other grazing animals. Diet: Gerenuks feed mainly on leaves, shoots, and buds of trees and shrubs, including thorny plants that other herbivores avoid. Social Behavior: Gerenuks are generally solitary or found in small groups of up to six individuals, although they may gather in larger numbers around water sources or during mating season. Reproduction: Female gerenuks give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Predators: Their elongated limbs and exceptional agility help them escape from predators by running at high speeds and maneuvering through dense vegetation. |
Grysbok
There are two recognized species the African Grysbok: the Cape Grysbok and the Sharpe's Grysbok. These elusive, shy little antelope are rarely seen by humans. Their activities tend to be mostly nocturnal but sometimes they may be spotted on cool, overcast days. They are solitary animals and sometimes occur in pairs.
Size and Appearance: Grysboks are small antelopes, with adults typically weighing between 7 to 13 kilograms (15 to 29 pounds). They have a reddish-brown to grayish coat with lighter underparts and distinctive facial markings, including white patches around the eyes and on the chin. Habitat: Grysboks are found in various habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including savannas, woodlands, scrublands, and mountainous areas. They prefer dense vegetation for cover and are often found near water sources. Diet: Grysboks are primarily browsers, feeding on a variety of leaves, shoots, fruits, and flowers. They may also consume grasses, especially during times of scarcity. Behavior: Grysboks are solitary and secretive animals, preferring to hide in dense vegetation during the day and becoming more active at dawn and dusk. They are territorial and use scent marking to establish and defend their territories. Reproduction: Female grysboks give birth to a single offspring after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Predators: Their coloration and ability to hide in dense vegetation help them evade predators. Ecological Role: Grysboks play a role in shaping their ecosystems as browsers, influencing plant growth and distribution through their feeding habits. |
Hartebeest
The term "hartebeest" refers to several species of large antelopes belonging to the genus Alcelaphus. There are several subspecies, including the red hartebeest, Lichtenstein's hartebeest, and the Coke's hartebeest.
Hartebeests have an acute sense of sight but a weak sense of smell. They are one of the fastest antelope. They rest during the heat of the day and graze when it gets cooler. Appearance: Hartebeests have a distinctive appearance with a sloping back, long face, and elongated, lyre-shaped horns that curve backwards and slightly upwards. They have a sandy to reddish-brown coat with a white to pale-yellowish belly and facial markings. Habitat: Hartebeests inhabit a range of habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including grasslands, savannas, and open woodlands. They are well-adapted to semi-arid environments but can also be found in more humid regions. Diet: Hartebeests are predominantly grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses and sedges. They may also browse on leaves, shoots, and fruits, especially during the dry season when grass is scarce. Social Structure: Hartebeests are social animals and typically form herds consisting of females and their offspring, with a dominant male overseeing the group. These herds can vary in size, from a few individuals to several hundred. Reproduction: Female hartebeests give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 8 to 9 months. Calves are able to stand and run shortly after birth, allowing them to keep up with the herd. Behavior: Hartebeests are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. They are known for their speed and endurance, capable of maintaining a steady trot over long distances. Predators: Hartebeests face predation from various carnivores, including lions, leopards, hyenas, and African wild dogs. They rely on their keen senses and agility to detect and evade predators. |
Hirola
Hirola antelope, also known as Hunter's hartebeest or "four-eyed antelope," are a critically endangered antelope species found in northeastern Kenya and possibly southern Somalia.
Hirola are medium-sized antelopes, with males typically weighing around 68 to 118 kilograms (150 to 260 pounds) and females slightly smaller. They have a sandy to rufous coat with white markings on the face, legs, and underbelly. The most distinctive feature is the white eye rings, which give them the "four-eyed" appearance. Hirola have long, narrow faces with forward-curving horns on both males and females. The horns are ringed and can grow up to 70 centimeters (28 inches) long in males. Historically, Hirola were found in a larger range across northeastern Kenya and southern Somalia. However, their current range has significantly contracted due to habitat loss and hunting. Habitat Hirola inhabit dry savannah grasslands with scattered shrubs and acacia trees. They prefer areas with sandy or gravelly soil. Behavior and Diet Hirola are predominantly active during the day and often form small herds consisting of females and their young, led by a dominant male. They are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs found in their habitat. Conservation Status The Hirola is classified as "Critically Endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). They are one of the most endangered antelope species in the world, with population estimates ranging from a few hundred to around 1,000 individuals. The primary threats to their survival include habitat degradation due to livestock grazing, competition with domestic animals for resources, and predation by lions and hyenas. Additionally, diseases such as rinderpest and anthrax have also impacted their populations. Conservation Efforts Efforts are underway to protect the remaining Hirola populations through habitat conservation, establishment of protected areas, and community-based conservation initiatives. Conservation organizations are working with local communities to promote sustainable land management practices and reduce human-wildlife conflict. Monitoring and research programs are ongoing to better understand the ecology, behavior, and population dynamics of Hirola to develop effective conservation strategies. |
Impala
Impalas are slender and graceful - and very fast. They can leap 3 meters high and 12 meters far. Impalas are found throughout eastern and southern Africa, inhabiting a wide range of habitats, including savannas, woodlands, and open grasslands.
Impalas are native to sub-Saharan Africa, including countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and parts of Central and West Africa. Appearance: Impalas have a reddish-brown coat with a lighter underbelly. They have distinctive black markings on their face, ears, and tail. Male impalas have long, lyre-shaped horns that can reach up to 90 centimeters (35 inches) in length, while females lack horns. Impala have scent glands in the skin of their foreheads. Size: Impalas are medium-sized antelopes, with males (bucks) typically larger than females (ewes). They weigh between 40 to 75 kilograms (88 to 165 pounds) and stand around 75 to 95 centimeters (30 to 37 inches) tall at the shoulder. Social Structure: Impalas are social animals and live in mixed-sex herds that can vary in size from a few individuals to several hundred. These herds are led by a dominant male known as a "ram." During the breeding season, dominant males establish territories and compete for access to females. Reproduction: Female impalas give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Calves are able to stand and run shortly after birth and are hidden in dense vegetation by their mothers to avoid predators. Diet: Impalas are mixed feeders, meaning they consume both grasses and browse. They feed on a variety of vegetation including grasses, leaves, shoots, and fruits. Impalas are highly selective feeders and prefer young, tender leaves. Predators: Impalas are preyed upon by a variety of predators including lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, and wild dogs. They rely on their speed, agility, and group vigilance to evade predators. |
Klipspringer
The literal translation of "klipspringer" from Afrikaans is rock jumper. Their hooves are well adapted for a rocky environment and not suited to softer surfaces. Klipspringers walk on the tips of their hooves. Despite their small size, they are incredibly agile and sure-footed on rocky surfaces. They can bound up steep rock faces and leap across wide crevices with amazing speed. They spring with all four feet in the air. Klipspringers are found in rocky terrain throughout eastern and southern Africa, including countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, and Namibia. They inhabit mountainous areas, cliffs, and rocky outcrops, preferring rugged landscapes with plenty of hiding places. Size: Klipspringers are small antelope, with adults typically weighing between 8 to 18 kilograms (18 to 40 pounds) and standing around 43 to 60 centimeters (17 to 24 inches) tall at the shoulder. Appearance: Klipspringers have a compact body, short legs, and a broad, blocky head. They have a dense, coarse coat that is typically grayish-brown or reddish-brown in color, providing camouflage against rocky backgrounds. Both males and females have short, spike-like horns that are about 7 to 10 centimeters (3 to 4 inches) long. Diet: Klipspringers are herbivores and primarily feed on a variety of leaves, shoots, flowers, and fruits. They are adapted to browse on vegetation growing between rocks and cliffs, where other herbivores cannot reach. Behavior: Klipspringers are solitary or found in pairs, with individuals forming monogamous bonds. They are territorial and use scent marking to establish and defend their territories. Klipspringers are mainly active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in the shade during the heat of the day. Reproduction: Female klipspringers give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Calves are well-developed at birth and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Predators: Their ability to climb and jump on rocky terrain helps them evade predators. |
Kudu
Kudus are large antelopes with a distinct white bar between the eyes and a sandy to bluish-gray coat. The males have long, twisted horns. Kudus have 6–10 vertical white stripes along the body, and a distinctive fringe of hair along their throats, called a dewlap. They are agile jumpers and can clear heights of over 2 and a half meters. They are also surprisingly agile in wooded areas.
Adult Greater Kudus typically weigh between 190 to 270 kilograms (420 to 600 pounds) and stand around 120 to 150 centimeters (47 to 59 inches) tall at the shoulder. Lesser Kudus are smaller, weighing between 55 to 105 kilograms (120 to 230 pounds) and standing around 90 to 110 centimeters (35 to 43 inches) tall at the shoulder. Habitat: Kudus are found in a variety of habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including woodlands, savannas, and brushlands. They prefer areas with dense vegetation for cover and access to water sources. Diet: Kudus are browsers, feeding on leaves, shoots, fruits, and twigs from a variety of trees and shrubs. They are highly selective feeders and may also consume grasses and herbs, especially during the dry season when other vegetation is scarce. Behavior: Kudus are primarily active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in shaded areas during the heat of the day. They are usually solitary or found in small groups, though larger aggregations may occur around water sources or during the breeding season. Reproduction: Female kudus give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 to 8 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Predators: Kudus face predation from various carnivores, including lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, and wild dogs. Their large size, agility, and keen senses help them evade predators, though calves are particularly vulnerable. |
Lechwe
There are three recognized species of lechwe: the Red Lechwe, the Kafue Lechwe, and the Nile Lechwe.
Habitat: Lechwes are found in wetland habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in countries such as Zambia, Botswana, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They inhabit floodplains, marshes, and swampy grasslands near rivers and lakes. Appearance: Lechwes have a reddish-brown coat, white underparts, and elongated hooves adapted for traversing marshy terrain. Males typically have spiral-shaped horns, while females are usually hornless. Size: Adult lechwes vary in size depending on the species. Red Lechwes are the largest, with males weighing between 90 to 130 kilograms (200 to 290 pounds) and standing around 100 to 120 centimeters (39 to 47 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females are slightly smaller, weighing between 70 to 120 kilograms (150 to 260 pounds). Diet: Lechwes are herbivores, feeding on a variety of aquatic vegetation, including grasses, sedges, and water plants. They are adapted to grazing in waterlogged areas and are excellent swimmers. Social Structure: Lechwes are social animals and live in herds, which can vary in size from a few individuals to several hundred. These herds are typically led by a dominant male and may contain a mix of males, females, and juveniles. Reproduction: Female lechwes give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 to 9 months. Calves are born during the dry season and are able to walk and swim shortly after birth. Behavior: Lechwes are active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting during the hottest parts of the day. They are excellent swimmers and will take refuge in water to escape predators. Predators: Lechwes face predation from various carnivores, including lions, leopards, hyenas, and crocodiles. They rely on their speed, agility, and ability to seek refuge in water to evade predators. |
Nyala
Nyala have a dark gray to slate-gray coat with white vertical stripes on their sides, a shaggy mane along their neck, and spiral-shaped horns. Females, on the other hand, have a reddish-brown coat with white vertical stripes and no horns.
Habitat: Nyala antelopes are found in southern Africa, particularly in countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. They inhabit dense woodlands, thickets, and forested areas near water sources. Size: Nyala males are larger than females. Adult males typically weigh between 100 to 125 kilograms (220 to 275 pounds) and stand around 110 to 120 centimeters (43 to 47 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females are smaller, weighing between 55 to 68 kilograms (121 to 150 pounds) and standing around 90 to 100 centimeters (35 to 39 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Nyala antelopes are browsers, feeding on a variety of leaves, shoots, fruits, and flowers from trees, shrubs, and bushes. They are also known to consume grasses and herbs, especially during the dry season when other food sources are scarce. Social Structure: Nyala antelopes are typically solitary or found in small groups consisting of females and their offspring. Males are often solitary outside of the breeding season but may form small bachelor herds. Reproduction: Female nyalas give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Nyala antelopes are mainly active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in shaded areas during the heat of the day. They are shy and elusive animals, relying on their excellent camouflage and sense of hearing to detect predators. Predators: Nyala antelopes face predation from various carnivores, including lions, leopards, hyenas, and African wild dogs. They rely on their speed, agility, and ability to hide in dense vegetation to evade predators. |
Oribi
This gracious, small to medium-sized antelope has a long, slender neck and oval ears. The coat is yellowish to reddish-brown with a white underbelly, and a distinctive dark patch on the forehead between the eyes. The oribi's tail is black. Only the rams have short, spike-like horns that are about 10 to 18 centimeters (4 to 7 inches) long.
Habitat: Oribis are found in open grasslands, savannas, and floodplains across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and South Africa. They prefer areas with short grasses and scattered bushes for cover. Size: Adult oribis typically weigh between 12 to 22 kilograms (26 to 49 pounds) and stand around 50 to 60 centimeters (20 to 24 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Oribis are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses and herbs. They are selective feeders, preferring young, tender grass shoots, especially during the wet season when vegetation is lush. Social Structure: Oribis are typically found in monogamous pairs or small family groups consisting of a male, female, and their offspring. They may form loose aggregations in areas with abundant food resources. Reproduction: Female oribis give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and run shortly after birth. Behavior: Oribis are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. They are agile runners and can reach speeds of up to 50 kilometers per hour (31 miles per hour) when fleeing from predators. Predators: Like most antelope, Oribis face predation from various carnivores, including lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, and African wild dogs. |
Oryx (Gemsbok)
The African gemsbok antelope is scientifically known as Oryx gazella. Gemsboks have a striking appearance with a pale gray to light brown coat, marked by bold black and white facial markings and distinctive black markings on the legs and flanks. Both males and females have long, straight horns that can reach lengths of up to 85 centimeters (33 inches) in females and 120 centimeters (47 inches) in males.
Habitat: Gemsbok (Oryx) live in exceptionally hot areas. Their body temperatures rise up to 45 degrees Celsius. A system of air passages in the nose cools blood entering the brain. Gemsboks are found in arid and semi-arid regions of southern Africa, including countries such as Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, and Angola. They inhabit deserts, scrublands, grasslands, and savannas, often found in areas with sparse vegetation and access to water sources. Size: Adult gemsboks are large antelopes, with males typically larger and more robust than females. Males weigh between 180 to 240 kilograms (400 to 530 pounds) and stand around 1.2 to 1.4 meters (3.9 to 4.6 feet) tall at the shoulder, while females weigh between 100 to 210 kilograms (220 to 460 pounds) and stand around 1.1 to 1.3 meters (3.6 to 4.3 feet) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Gemsboks are adapted to arid environments and are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. They are able to extract moisture from their food and can survive for extended periods without drinking water. Social Structure: Gemsboks are typically found in small herds consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. These herds may merge into larger groups during periods of migration or in areas with abundant resources. Reproduction: Female gemsboks give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 8 to 9 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Gemsboks are well-adapted to their harsh environment and are capable of enduring high temperatures and limited water sources. They are mainly active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in shaded areas during the heat of the day. |
Puku
Puku are water-loving and semi-aquatic and live permanently in wetlands. Their oily skins adapt them for long periods of contact with water.
Pukus have a reddish-brown to golden-brown coat with a lighter-colored belly. The males have lyre-shaped horns that curve backward and slightly upward. Habitat: Pukus are found in swampy grasslands, floodplains, and marshes in central and southern Africa, particularly in countries such as Zambia, Botswana, and Angola. They prefer areas with tall grasses and access to water. Size: Adult pukus are medium-sized antelopes. They typically weigh between 60 to 90 kilograms (130 to 200 pounds) and stand around 80 to 90 centimeters (31 to 35 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Pukus are herbivores, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and aquatic plants. They are well-adapted to wetland environments and may also browse on leaves and twigs from shrubs and bushes. Social Structure: Pukus are typically found in small groups consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. These groups may merge into larger herds during the dry season or in areas with abundant resources. Reproduction: Female pukus give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 to 8 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Pukus are excellent swimmers and may take refuge in water to escape predators. |
Reedbuck
There are two recognized species of reedbuck: the Southern or Common Reedbuck and the Mountain Reedbuck. Reedbuck have a reddish-brown to grayish-brown coat, white underparts, and a bushy white tail. They have elongated ears and the males have short, straight horns that curve slightly backward. Mountain reedbuck are generally larger and have longer horns than southern reedbuck.
Habitat: Reedbucks are found in grassy habitats near water sources such as marshes, wetlands, riverbanks, and floodplains throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They prefer areas with dense vegetation for cover. Size: Adult reedbucks vary in size depending on the species. Southern reedbucks typically weigh between 50 to 80 kilograms (110 to 176 pounds) and stand around 70 to 90 centimeters (28 to 35 inches) tall at the shoulder. Mountain reedbucks are larger, with males weighing between 45 to 95 kilograms (99 to 209 pounds) and females between 40 to 75 kilograms (88 to 165 pounds). Diet: Reedbucks are herbivores, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and sedges. They are selective feeders and may also browse on leaves and twigs from bushes and shrubs. However, they are almost completely grazers and veld fires are often the cause of death for this elegant little antelope. Social Structure: Reedbuck typically live in pairs or small family groups consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. Reproduction: Female reedbucks give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 to 9 months. Reedbuck calves are hidden by their mothers for 2–3 months; the mother returns once a day to suckle the calf. Like many other species of antelope, the calf re-hides itself after its mother has left. Behavior: Reedbucks are primarily active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in shaded areas or dense vegetation during the heat of the day. They are alert and wary animals, relying on their keen senses to detect predators. Predators: If deprived of their natural camouflage, they do not have the ability to outrun predators, and are easy prey for leopard, cheetah, and wild dogs. |
Rhebok
The rhebok is a small antelope species native to South Africa. Rheboks have a gray to reddish-brown coat with a white underbelly. They have large, round eyes and long, slender legs adapted for traversing rugged terrain. The Rhebok's coat is almost goat-like. Its thick, woolly coat allows it to live in high altitudes and mountainous habitats.
Habitat: Rheboks inhabit mountainous and rocky terrain in South Africa, particularly in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and parts of KwaZulu-Natal. They prefer areas with sparse vegetation and rocky outcrops for cover. Size: Adult rheboks are small to medium-sized antelopes. They typically weigh between 18 to 30 kilograms (40 to 66 pounds) and stand around 60 to 75 centimeters (24 to 30 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Rheboks are herbivores, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. They are selective feeders and may also browse on leaves and twigs from bushes and trees. Social Structure: Rheboks are typically solitary or found in small groups consisting of females and their offspring. Male rheboks are territorial and may defend their territory against other males. Reproduction: Female rheboks give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Calves can stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Rheboks are primarily active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in shaded areas or rocky outcrops during the heat of the day. They are alert and agile animals, capable of navigating steep and rocky terrain with ease. Predators: Rheboks rely on their speed, agility, and ability to seek refuge in rocky terrain to evade predators. |
Roan Antelope
The Roan antelope is the second largest African bovid. They have a reddish-brown to chestnut-brown coat, lighter underparts, and white facial markings including a white muzzle, cheeks, and chin. Their striking facial markings emphasize signals made by movements of the head. They have long, ridged horns.
Habitat: Roan antelopes inhabit savannas, woodlands, and grasslands across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. They prefer areas with open grassy plains and scattered trees. Size: Roan antelopes are large and robust animals. Adult males, known as bulls, typically weigh between 250 to 300 kilograms (550 to 660 pounds) and stand around 135 to 150 centimeters (53 to 59 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females, known as cows, are slightly smaller, weighing between 220 to 280 kilograms (490 to 620 pounds) and standing around 125 to 140 centimeters (49 to 55 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Roan antelopes are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. They are selective feeders and may also browse on leaves and twigs from trees and bushes, especially during the dry season when grass is scarce. Social Structure: Roan antelopes are typically found in small herds consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. These herds may merge into larger groups during the breeding season or in areas with abundant resources. Reproduction: Female roan antelopes give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 9 months. Calves are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Roan antelopes are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. They are alert and vigilant animals, relying on their keen senses to detect predators. |
Royal antelope
The Royal Antelope is one of the smallest antelopes in the world, standing at about 25-30 centimeters (10-12 inches) at the shoulder and weighing only around 2-3 kilograms (4.4-6.6 pounds).
They have a reddish-brown coat with a lighter underside and white facial markings, including a stripe above the eye. Royal Antelopes have short, straight horns on the males. They are native to West Africa, specifically found in countries such as Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Habitat Royal Antelopes inhabit dense, lowland forests and thickets, preferring areas with dense undergrowth that provide cover and food. Behavior and Diet Royal Antelopes are secretive and shy creatures, spending much of their time hiding in dense vegetation. They are primarily active during the day. Their diet consists mainly of leaves, shoots, fruits, and occasionally insects. Adaptations Being extremely small allows them to navigate dense vegetation more easily, protecting them from larger predators. Their reddish-brown coloration helps them blend into their forest habitat, helping to evade predators. Conservation Status The Royal Antelope is classified as "Data Deficient" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Habitat loss and hunting are likely contributing factors to population declines. |
Sable Antelope
Sable antelope have a striking appearance with a dark mane, a glossy coat that varies from a rich brown to almost black in old bulls, white underparts, and distinctive white facial markings including a broad blaze on the forehead and white cheek patches. They have long, ridged, curved horns that sweep backward and slightly upwards in both males and females.
Habitat: Sable antelopes inhabit woodlands, savannas, and grasslands across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Tanzania. They prefer areas with open grassy plains and access to water. Size: Sable antelopes are large and robust animals. Adult males, known as bulls, typically weigh between 200 to 270 kilograms (440 to 600 pounds) and stand around 120 to 140 centimeters (47 to 55 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females, known as cows, are slightly smaller, weighing between 150 to 220 kilograms (330 to 490 pounds) and standing around 110 to 130 centimeters (43 to 51 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Sable antelopes are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. They are selective feeders and may also browse on leaves and twigs from trees and bushes, especially during the dry season when grass is scarce. Social Structure: Sable antelopes are typically found in small herds consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. These herds may merge into larger groups during the breeding season or in areas with abundant resources. Reproduction: Female sable antelopes give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 9 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Sable antelopes are primarily diurnal and are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. They are alert and vigilant animals, relying on their keen senses to detect predators. |
Sitatunga
Sitatungas have a unique appearance with a shaggy, water-repellent coat that ranges in color from reddish-brown to grayish-brown. They have partially webbed feet, which are adapted for traversing marshy terrain.
Sitatungas are semi-aquatic and spend most of their lives in water, on wet muddy ground, or on floating islands of reeds. Their splayed hooves prevent them from sinking into soft, muddy surfaces. They move rapidly on marshy ground but are slow and clumsy on a firm surface. Habitat: Sitatungas inhabit swampy and marshy areas in central and eastern Africa, particularly in countries such as Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They prefer dense vegetation and areas with permanent water sources. Size: Sitatungas are medium-sized antelopes. Adult males typically weigh between 80 to 130 kilograms (176 to 286 pounds) and stand around 100 to 120 centimeters (39 to 47 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females are slightly smaller, weighing between 50 to 100 kilograms (110 to 220 pounds) and standing around 90 to 100 centimeters (35 to 39 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Sitatungas are primarily browsers, feeding on a variety of leaves, shoots, and aquatic vegetation. They are adapted to grazing in waterlogged areas and may also consume grasses, sedges, and aquatic plants. Social Structure: Sitatungas are typically solitary animals or found in small family groups consisting of a female and her offspring. Male sitatungas are usually solitary outside of the breeding season. Reproduction: Female sitatungas give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 to 8 months. Calves are born with a reddish-brown coat and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Sitatungas are highly adapted to their aquatic habitat and are excellent swimmers. They are primarily active during the early morning and late afternoon, resting in shaded areas or submerged in water during the heat of the day. |
Springbok
The Springbok was named for its peculiar high springing leaps some 2 meters off the ground. Springboks have a reddish-brown to tan-colored coat, lighter underparts, and a white face with dark markings around the eyes and on the muzzle. They have a characteristic flap of skin on their backs called a "pronk". When Springboks are excited or alarmed, the fold opens and a crest of pure white, bristly hair about 15cm long appears. Both males and females have long, slender horns that curve slightly backward.
The springbok is the national animal of South Africa, and the country's world-renowned national rugby team, the Springboks, is named after the antelope. Habitat: Springboks are found in open grasslands, savannas, and desert plains across southern Africa, particularly in countries such as South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, and Angola. They prefer areas with short grasses and access to water. Size: Springboks are medium-sized antelopes. Adult males, known as rams, typically weigh between 33 to 48 kilograms (73 to 106 pounds) and stand around 75 to 90 centimeters (30 to 35 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females, known as ewes, are slightly smaller, weighing between 26 to 40 kilograms (57 to 88 pounds) and standing around 70 to 85 centimeters (28 to 33 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Springboks are mixed feeders, primarily grazing on grasses but also consuming herbs, shrubs, and leaves. They are highly adapted to arid environments and can obtain moisture from their food, allowing them to survive in water-scarce regions. Social Structure: Springboks are typically found in large herds consisting of females, young, and a few dominant males. These herds may number in the thousands and often migrate seasonally in search of food and water. Reproduction: Female springboks give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 5 to 6 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and run shortly after birth. Behavior: Springboks are known for their unique behavior called "pronking" or "stotting," where they leap vertically into the air with all four feet lifted off the ground. This behavior is thought to display dominance, confuse predators, or signal alarm. |
Steenbok
Steenboks are small, delicate, graceful antelope with big ears and big eyes and a very careful, dainty way of walking. Their coats are reddish-brown with lighter underparts, and white markings on the face and throat. They have large, rounded ears and short, straight horns that are typically only present in males.
One of the unique features of this little antelope is that it digs holes to deposit its dung and covers it afterward with sand, rather like a domestic cat. Habitat: Steenboks are found in a variety of habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including grasslands, savannas, shrublands, and semi-arid areas. They prefer areas with dense vegetation for cover and access to water. Size: Steenboks are one of the smallest antelope species. They typically weigh between 7 to 16 kilograms (15 to 35 pounds) and stand around 45 to 60 centimeters (18 to 24 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Steenboks are herbivores, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and succulent plants. They are selective feeders and may also browse on leaves and twigs from bushes and trees. Social Structure: Steenboks are typically solitary animals or found in pairs consisting of a male and female. They are territorial and mark their territories with scent markings. Reproduction: Female steenboks give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Behavior: Steenboks are primarily diurnal and are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. They are alert and cautious animals, relying on their keen senses to detect predators. |
Suni
The suni is a tiny antelope, standing only 35cm at the shoulder. Sunis have reddish-brown to grayish-brown coats and lighter underparts. The males have large, rounded ears and short, straight horns. The females are slightly heavier than the males and have no horns. The suni are extremely shy and seldom venture from dense bush.
Habitat: Sunis are found in dense, moist forests and thickets in eastern and southern Africa, particularly in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. They prefer areas with dense vegetation for cover and access to water. Size: Sunis are one of the smallest antelope species. They typically weigh between 4 to 6 kilograms (8.8 to 13.2 pounds) and stand around 30 to 40 centimeters (12 to 16 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Sunis are herbivores, feeding on a variety of leaves, shoots, fruits, and flowers from trees, shrubs, and bushes. They are selective feeders and may also browse on low-lying vegetation. Social Structure: Sunis are typically solitary animals or found in pairs consisting of a male and female. They are territorial and mark their territories with scent markings. Reproduction: Female sunis give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 6 to 7 months. Calves are born well-developed and are able to stand and follow their mothers shortly after birth. Behavior: Sunis are secretive and elusive animals, relying on their camouflage and ability to hide in dense vegetation to avoid predators. |
Tsessebe
Despite their ungainly appearance, Tsessebes are the fastest of all hoofed animals and can gallop for long distances in a distinctive, bouncing gait.
Tsessebes have reddish-brown to chestnut-brown coats, black facial markings, and lyre-shaped horns that curve slightly backward in both males and females. Habitat: Tsessebes are found in open grasslands, floodplains, and savannas across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. They prefer areas with short grasses and access to water. Size: Tsessebes are medium to large-sized antelopes. Adult males, known as bulls, typically weigh between 140 to 230 kilograms (310 to 510 pounds) and stand around 130 to 150 centimeters (51 to 59 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females, known as cows, are slightly smaller, weighing between 120 to 180 kilograms (260 to 400 pounds) and standing around 120 to 140 centimeters (47 to 55 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Tsessebes are grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and sedges. They are selective feeders and may also browse on leaves and twigs from bushes and trees, especially during the dry season when grass is scarce. Social Structure: Tsessebes are typically found in small herds consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. These herds may merge into larger groups during the breeding season or in areas with abundant resources. Reproduction: Female tsessebes give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 8 to 9 months. |
Waterbuck
Waterbuck are large bovids and stand 170 cm tall at the shoulder. Waterbuck have shaggy, reddish-brown coats, lighter underparts, and a white ring on the rump. They have large rounded ears and both males and females have long, curved horns.
Waterbuck are always near water - hence the name. They often wade knee-deep in water to feed on reeds and are good swimmers and will leap into water to escape certain predators. Habitat: Waterbuck are found in savannas, grasslands, woodlands, and marshes across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Kenya. They prefer areas with access to permanent water sources such as rivers, lakes, and marshes. Size: Waterbuck are large and robust antelopes. Adult males, known as bulls, typically weigh between 200 to 300 kilograms (440 to 660 pounds) and stand around 120 to 136 centimeters (47 to 54 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females, known as cows, are slightly smaller, weighing between 160 to 200 kilograms (350 to 440 pounds) and standing around 100 to 130 centimeters (39 to 51 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Waterbuck are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and aquatic plants. They are adapted to wetland environments and may also browse on leaves and twigs from trees and shrubs. Social Structure: Waterbuck are typically found in small herds consisting of females and their offspring, led by a dominant male. These herds may merge into larger groups during the dry season or in areas with abundant resources. Reproduction: Female waterbuck give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 7 to 8 months. |
Wildebeest (gnu)
The African wildebeest, also known as the gnu, belongs to two species: the blue wildebeest and the black wildebeest. Wildebeests have large, muscular bodies, high, sloping shoulders, and a disproportionately large head. They have a shaggy, dark brown to black coat, a beard-like mane, and long, curving horns.
Wildebeest are particularly dangerous when cornered or wounded. When not in danger or threatened, they are timid and curious by nature. Habitat: Wildebeests are found in a variety of habitats across eastern and southern Africa, including grasslands, savannas, and woodlands. They are particularly abundant in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Zambia, and South Africa. Size: Wildebeests are large antelopes. Adult males are typically larger than females. Blue wildebeest males can weigh between 150 to 250 kilograms (330 to 550 pounds) and stand around 150 to 160 centimeters (59 to 63 inches) tall at the shoulder. Females are slightly smaller, weighing between 110 to 180 kilograms (240 to 400 pounds) and standing around 135 to 145 centimeters (53 to 57 inches) tall at the shoulder. Diet: Wildebeests are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. They are well adapted to digesting tough, fibrous grasses and are able to obtain most of their water requirements from their food. Sometimes they kneel when they feed. Social Structure: Wildebeests are gregarious animals and often associate with other animals such as impala, giraffe, and especially zebra. They are often found in large herds consisting of tens of thousands of individuals. These herds may migrate seasonally in search of food and water, covering vast distances across the African savanna. Reproduction: Female wildebeests give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 8 to 9 months. Calves are able to stand and run shortly after birth and are typically able to keep up with the herd within a few days. Behavior: Wildebeest often associate with other animals such as impala, giraffe and especially zebra. Migration: Wildebeests are famous for their annual migration across the Serengeti in Tanzania and Kenya. They migrate in their tens of thousands over a distance of hundreds of kilometers in search of fresh grazing lands and water sources, often at peril from crocodiles at river crossings.Wildebeest often associate with other animals such as impala, giraffe and especially zebra. |